Flour reference · durum

Durum Semolina

1.020× absorption · 12.5014.00% protein · hydration 6572%

For sourdough, Durum Semolina works best at 6572% hydration. With 12.5014.00% protein, it absorbs about 2% more water than standard bread flour.

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Protein
12.50–14.00%
Absorption
1.020×
Hydration range
65–72%
Category
durum

What is Durum Semolina?

Durum semolina is milled from hard amber durum wheat (Triticum durum) — the same grain used in pasta. Coarser grind than bread flour, yellow color from high carotenoid content, and slightly higher absorption (2% above bread flour baseline). Protein structure produces firm, chewy crumb with distinctive nutty flavor. Traditional in Sicilian-style sourdough (pane siciliano, pane di Altamura DOP). Use at 20-40% in blends for hearth loaves with golden color and dense chewy texture. Caputo, Bob's Red Mill, and Italian imports (Molino Grassi) are references.

How do you bake with Durum Semolina?

Long autolyse (60+ min) — durum is slow to hydrate fully. Firm dough: 68-72% hydration max. Use coil folds rather than stretch-and-folds. Shape with wet hands. Excellent for pan di Altamura-style boule shaping.

What hydration % for Durum Semolina?

Baker's-percentage workable range: 65% — 72%. Absorption is 1.020× bread-flour baseline, so recipes written for bread flour need 2% more water when substituting Durum Semolina.

Full hydration guide for Durum Semolina

The gear that makes the math work

A short, honest baking kit. The scale matters most — every weight on this page is in grams. The Dutch oven is what turns a good crumb into a great crust.

  • Digital kitchen scale (0.1 g)

    Baker's percentage is by weight, not volume — a 0.1 g scale is what makes the math on this page accurate.

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  • Dutch oven / combo cooker

    Traps steam for the first bake phase — the single biggest factor in oven spring and a blistered, glossy crust.

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  • Banneton proofing basket

    Wicks moisture and holds shape during the final proof, so high-hydration dough doesn't spread flat.

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  • Bread lame + bench scraper

    A sharp lame scores clean ears; a steel bench scraper handles wet, sticky dough without tearing the gluten.

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  • High-protein bread flour

    The math assumes ~12–14% protein. Real bread flour absorbs the hydration you calculate — all-purpose won't.

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  • Danish dough whisk

    Mixes shaggy, high-hydration dough in seconds without the gluey mess of a spoon or your hands.

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🎧 Or learn the craft by ear

The numbers here are the what; a good baking book is the why. An Audible trial gets you any title free — Michael Pollan’s Cooked(the “Air” chapter is the best story ever told about why bread rises) is a perfect first listen.

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